Telecom Services Providers Industry in UK

Presentation The telecom business in UK gives data and correspondence administrations, for example, voice and information conveyance. The business has acknowledged critical development over the most recent three decades and is right now at its development stage (Streel, 2010, pp. 210-260). The business is totally deregulated following the execution of the 2003 Communication Act. Therefore, numerous organizations have joined the business in this way expanding competition.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Telecom Services Providers Industry in UK explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The consistent development in the business is ascribed to headway in innovation which encourages item and procedure advancement (Hsuan and Mahnke, 2011, pp. 154-165). The development is additionally ascribed to popularity for cell phone and information administrations. This paper dissects the telecom business in UK. The intensity of the market and the impact of the macroe conomic condition on the presentation of the business will be lit up. Current Industry Overview Top Ten Firms in the Industry The ongoing deregulation of the business has prompted end of the greater part of the passage boundaries. Moreover, progression in data and correspondence innovation has prompted the improvement of new items, for example, online TV administrations. This has come about in to appeal in the business in this way inciting more firms to go along with it. Right now, the accompanying firms are the market heads in the business. The best ten firms incorporate, Vodafone, Orange, T-Mobile, British Telecom, Gamma, O2, Avaya, Vodat Telecoms, Cable and Wireless and Analysys (Cadman and Helen, 2010, pp. 320-364). Current Market Conditions The market is described by serious rivalry particularly in the portable and broadband sections. This has prompted a huge fall in shopper costs (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165). Be that as it may, development is relied upon to quicken be cause of interests in cutting edge advancements and a regularly expanding interest for information and cell phone administrations. Since the market is at its development stage, most firms are solidifying their pieces of the overall industry through mergers and enhancement of items. Intensity and Market Share The business is described by high rivalry in all fragments. The pieces of the pie of firms giving cell phone administrations are as per the following. O2 orders 26% of the market, Vodafone’s piece of the overall industry is 24%, Orange’s piece of the overall industry is 21%, trailed by T-Mobile with 17% and the rest is shared by little administrators (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430).Advertising Looking for report on correspondences media? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Market shares for the main five firms in the broadband section are as per the following. English Telecom leads with 62.5%, NTL/Telewire is se cond with 16.7%, TalkTalk is third with 10%, Homecall orders 2.5%, Sky Talk orders 2.1% and the rest is shared by little firms (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). English Telecom is the primary supplier of fixed wire call administrations. Fixation Rations The cell phone fragment has the most elevated centralization of 89% since it has just four firms (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). The network access portion has the most reduced grouping of 700 firms. Financial Conditions The business keeps on recording vigorous development in spite of the high rivalry. In the last quarter of 2010 income developed by 2% over all organizations (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). The business is required to acknowledge $ 376 billion in income between the 2010 and 2015 (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). The portable fragment is relied upon to record the most elevated development of 12.7% somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2015 (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). Interest for fixed line telephones keeps o n declining as customers move their consumption to cell phone administrations. Inward Industry Analysis Threat of New Entrants The media transmission industry in UK is related with a significant level of item separation because of headways in innovation. The officeholder firms can appreciate economies of scale through venture into new markets (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165). Be that as it may, high capital necessity keeps firms from joining the business. In addition, exchanging cost in the business is extremely high. These patterns show that the danger of new contestants is low in the business (Mankiw, 2008, p. 89). Bartering Power of the Buyer The purchasers (media transmission firms) have a low haggling power in the business because of the accompanying reasons. Initially, the centralization of purchasers is low particularly in the network access suppliers section (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Telecom Services Provid ers Industry in UK explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Second, the results of the providers are profoundly separated since they are ordinarily customized for every purchaser (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). Additionally, the exchanging costs are extremely high. The low dealing intensity of the purchasers implies that they can be misused by their providers through significant expenses of provisions (Frank, 2009, p. 65). Dealing Power of the Suppliers The providers have a high bartering power because of the accompanying reasons. Initially, there are not many providers when contrasted with the current purchasers (media transmission firms). This implies there is high rivalry for provisions. Second, there is low accessibility of substitute supplies (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). For instance, organizing links and hardware have no substitutes. At long last, the suppliers’ items are profoundly separated. The providers in this manner have a high bartering power since the purchasers profoundly rely upon them (Blanchard, 2010, p. 67). Danger of Substitutes The danger credited to substitute items is exceptionally low in the business. Postal administrations are the primary substitutes to media transmission administrations. Be that as it may, postal administrations are having little separation (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165). Their costs are likewise on the ascent because of the expansion in transportation costs as the cost of oil rises. Along these lines customers incline toward media transmission benefits that are separated and modest to utilize (Hollensen, 2010, p. 84)). Power of Competitive Rivalry The business is related with serious rivalry in all portions because of the accompanying reasons. To start with, aside from the cell phone portion, every other section have a lot of contenders (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165). Second, the business is encountering a moderate development rate since it has just arrived at its development stage. Third, the business is work escalated consequently the fixed expenses are high. The organizations enlist numerous workers to take care of their clients at different call habitats. Along these lines, rivalry gets serious as firms battle to bring down expenses and hold their pieces of the overall industry (Gary, Harker, Kottler, 2009, p. 89)Advertising Searching for report on correspondences media? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reciprocal Products The occupant firms can accomplish high development because of the accessibility of modest correlative items. With headway in innovation, the expense of cell phones and PCs has essentially diminished. At present, the cell phone entrance rate in UK is 86% while 90% of family units have PCs (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). This prompts popularity for call administrations and internet providers (Roger, 2010, p. 35). Outside Macro Industry Analysis Political UK is one of the most politically stable nations in the Euro-zone. The legislature of UK has set up solid political binds with most nations in Europe, America and Asia. At the national level, the solid political soundness advances monetary exercises since the speculators are guaranteed of the security of their ventures. In addition, political security advances quick financial development which converts into appeal in the telecom business. At the worldwide level solid political binds with remote nations has prom pted the section of outside firms in the business. For instance, Fujitsu from Japan has joined the business (Vitorovich, 2011, p. 1). This has added to the high rivalry in the business (Cadman and Helen, 2010, pp. 320-364). In addition, the outside firms have invigorated development in the business as firms battle to bring down expenses so as to improve their intensity. Monetary and Financial The economy of UK has since recuperated from the impacts of the 2008/2009 downturn. In 2010, UK’s GDP developed by 1.7% and is relied upon to develop by 2.4% and 2.7% in 2011 and 2012 separately (Global Economic Weekly, 2010). The swelling rate in UK was 3.2% in 2010 (Global Economic Weekly, 2010). As of now, the swelling rate is 2.7% and is relied upon to decrease further to 1.8% in 2012 (Global Economic Weekly, 2010). The expansion in GDP is required to convert into high discretionary cashflow among the residents. This will prompt appeal for media transmission administrations. The decr ease in swelling will lessen the costs of media transmission benefits along these lines expanding their interest. Hence, the hearty monetary development in UK will convert into high development in its telecom industry. Social Cultural Environment UK is related with the way of life of commercialization. Plus, the rich populace has high inclination for top notch items. This has come about into an appeal for advanced cells in the nation (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). In this manner most firms in the telecom business are concentrating on development and item separation so as to meet customers’ desire concerning item quality (Cambini and Jiang, 2010, pp. 559-574). The buyers are likewise exceptionally touchy to costs (Charles, 2011). This has prompted significant expense versatility for most items particularly internet providers. Innovation UK has a culture of creating advances that change the ways of life o

Relationship Between Regulation and Market Structures

The investigation of government guideline and the serious condition for business is pertinent to each one of the individuals who study business. All business up-and-comers need to see how the serious condition will affect their bosses and organizations. A-There are four significant bits of enactment known as the Antitrust Laws. After the U. S. Common War, nearby markets changed into national markets on account of transportations were improved, motorized creation techniques, and refined corporate structures. During the 1870s and 1880s, numerous organizations got prevailing in various businesses like meat pressing, railways, coal, and tobacco. These organizations regularly combined their ventures and over charged its clients. The legislature shaped laws considered antitrust Acts to help control these practices. * Sherman Act of 1890 was framed to be brief and straightforwardly to the point: * The administration would explore associations and organizations associated in infringement with the Sherman trust act to confine syndication. Each individual who will consume, or endeavor to corner, with any individual or people to hoard any piece of the exchange or business will be seen as blameworthy of a lawful offense (as later changed from â€Å"misdemeanor†). The Clayton Act of 1914 contained the ideal elaboration of the Sherman Act. * Outlaws value segregation when such separation isn't legitimized based on cost contrasts and when it diminishes rivalry. * Prohibits tying contracts, in which an organization necessitates that a purchaser buy another of its items as a condition to buy the ideal item. * Prohibits the securing of loads of contending companies when the result would be less rivalry. * Prohibits a chief of one firm to go about as a board individual from another firm where the impact would be diminished rivalry. The Federal exchange commission demonstration of 1914 * The demonstration gave the Federal Trade commission (FTC) the ability to explore any serious practices in line with any organizations or on its own drive to find any unreasonable rivalry in the business. * The Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950 †¢The Celler-Kefauver Act changed the Clayton Act, Section 7. It disallows the merger of firms by securing tis stock. The Act shut the escape clause by ensuring that one firm doesn't acquire the physical resources of another firm when the impact can decrease rivalry. B-The proposed motivation behind mechanical guideline as it applies to the accompanying business sector structures: 1. Oligopoly is little gatherings of firms control the market. For instance: AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, and T-Mobile control the phone business. Mechanical guideline is utilized to diminish the market intensity of Oligopolies, to forestall arrangement (where little firms subtly set costs) and increment advertise rivalry. 2. Restraining infrastructure is the place one organization control costs in the market where there no substitute to the item. Modern guidelines are utilized to keep organizations from cornering in given markets. C-The significant elements of the three essential government and state administrative commissions that administer modern guideline. 1-The government vitality administrative commission in 1930 is the locale of power, gas, gas pipelines, oil pipelines, and water controlled destinations. The significant capacity of the government vitality administrative is to manage the transmission and offer of flammable gas, oil pipelines, and discount of power. There are different capacities that include permit and review hydroelectric activities and screen and examine vitality markets. †The government interchanges commission was framed in 1934 in the ward of Telephones, TV, digital TV, radio, broadcast, CB radios, and ham administrators. The significant elements of the government correspondence commission incorporate preparing applications for licenses, examining objections, directing examinations, creating and executing administrative projects, and participating in hearings 3-State open utilit y commission is shaped in the locale of power, gas, and phones. The significant capacity of State open utility commission is to controls the rates and administrations of an open utility that incorporate water, gas, and power D-Social guideline is expected to manage the more extensive effect of business on customers. The legislature built up a few offices including equivalent work opportunity commission and wellbeing organization shield customers from organizations in the late 60s. The reason for social guideline is for the legislature to supervise the wellbeing and nature of merchandise or items just as the states of these items are made. E-There are five essential government administrative commissions that oversee social guideline. 1-Food and medication organization (1906) has the purview and capacity over security and viability of food, medications, and makeup. 2-Equal business opportunity commission (1964) has the ward and capacity over employing, advancing, and release of laborers. †Occupational wellbeing and wellbeing esteem (1971) has the ward and capacity over modern wellbeing and security. 4-Environmental assurance organization has the ward and capacity over water, air, and commotion contamination 5-Consumer item security commission has the purview and capacity of wellbeing of customer items As an organization, studding the law can help in setting aside cash, time and endeavors to remain gainful in the market. All business competitors need to see how the serious condition will affect their managers and organizations.

Identify Statistics Essay Example for Free

Distinguish Statistics Essay The Human improvement Index (HDI) is a general proportion of how a nation has created over a specific timeframe. It is estimated using proficiency levels, arrangement of training, human services, future and the total national output of a nation. The HDI of most nations is estimated by associations that might want to utilize the information for different utilizations including choosing which of these nations need help. The HDI of Libya, for example is set at 0. 47 in the year 2007. This was an expansion of 0. 44% which is considerable. This data was given by the United Nations in the year 2007. Such insights are gathered by UN for the sole reason for estimating the paces of improvement and prosperity of the human populaces in these districts. It is then significant in choosing which of the considered countries need assistance and in which segments this assistance may be generally required (UNDP, 2009). This measurement is somewhat deceptive because of the way that some contributing components are not taken a gander at fundamentally. A portion of the components like majority rule government and rights are not taken a gander at. In this way, when taking a gander at the record basically, we understand that such significant variables are not considered in assurance of the prosperity of everyone. This subsequently drives us to an end that the count probably won't have the option to decisively depict the correct picture to the individuals who are utilizing it.

Discussing the relationship between gender and genre in Orlando A Biography - Literature Essay Samples

Virginia Woolf, born in 1882, is regarded as one of the first and most important modern feminist writers. In Orlando: A Biography, she tackles and bends the concepts of gender roles and gender identity and, on the other hand, deals with the subject of biography and novels. Woolf’s work was innovative at the time, as it defied the Victorian values held by a big part of society. Surrounding herself with family and friends who had a similar mindset that provided an environment in which controversial and experimental texts were encouraged, she was able to openly discuss these troublesome subjects. This essay intends to explain and discuss the similarities between gender and genre showed by Woolf. First of all, it is compulsory to define what is considered a biography and what is considered a novel, so that it is possible to analyze the elements of one or the other throughout the book. The Cambridge dictionary defines a biography as â€Å"the life story of a person written by somebody else†, with this concept, it is perfectly rational to consider Orlando: A Biography a biography. However, biographies often tell a true life story, stating facts through an intensive study of documents about the person the biography is about. Although there are facts and real geographical references in this book, it could also fit into the category of fiction, defined by the Cambridge dictionary as â€Å"the type of book or story that is written about imaginary characters and events (†¦)† (Cambridge dictionary, 2015). Before carrying out any discussion about the subjects above mentioned, there must be an agreement on the genre the book actually belongs to. Calling it a biography feels like stretching the truth quite a bit, although the fact that it calls itself one justifies this classification. In addition, it actually seems to be a biography until some pretty incredible things happen: magical sex changes, characters that live for centuries, weeklong sleeps that are inexplicable, etc., which belong to a fictional novel. Hermione Lee, president of Wolfson College and writer of one of the many Woolf’s biographies, says that â€Å"Virginia Woolf and her contemporaries are poised on the edge of the revolution which has turned biography into the iconoclastic, gossipy art-form it is now, when the only taboo is censorship.† (Lee, 1996) With saying this, Lee seems to imply that all of Woolf’s works, including Orlando, were a fundamental part of the evolution of the term ‘biogra phy’. However, I believe that the most appropriate thing to do is to divide it into the two genres; when Orlando transitions from being a man to being a woman and all the strange events occur, the book transitions as well, from a biography to a novel. As mentioned before, Woolf and her contemporaries challenged the traditional concept of biography, which ended up changing. In this book, Virginia does the same thing with gender, giving new perspectives to its concept. Orlando, the main character, completely breaks down and transcends the categories of male and female, showing gender norms and conventions to be socially constructed, and disrupting them (Rognstad, 2012). Needless to say, although Orlando’s story might have been based on true facts (mostly geographical), the story is clearly fantastical. As Woolf said, it should be â€Å"truthful but fantastical†. Among these fictional elements, time and gender both stand out. This approach to chronology, on one hand, allowed Virginia to show how time affected the main characters. On top of that, the writer – in a controversial move for that time – plays with the concept of gender, by making Orlando go from male to female almost effortlessly and without giving too much explanation as to why or how this happens. In this process, Purity, Chastity, and Modesty appear personified in order to show qualities women were supposed to present in those times, and even though they utilize their magic around Orlando’s room, she never becomes particularly pure, chaste, or modest once she is a woman. As mentioned before, Orlando’s gender switch might be that effortless for plot purposes; yet, it could be interpreted as the expression of Woolf’s beliefs on gender. This being that it is not set in stone; it is flimsy and unreliable. In A Room of One’s Own, Woolf explai ns: â€Å"one must be woman – manly or man – womanly† (A Room of One’s Own, 1929), since nobody can show all characteristics assigned to their gender at the same time. The same ease is showed in the transition of the book from bibliography to novel; Woolf does not try to explain it and we, as readers, should just accept it as it is. The gender change simply happens when Orlando visits Turkey to get away from his lover. There, he falls asleep for a long period of time and eventually wakes up being a woman. The character does not question what happens; instead, he/she embraces it and lives with a gypsy community before returning to England, where she gets completely accustomed to living as a woman. It might seem, if you have not read the book, like Orlando is some kind of weird creature capable of doing extraordinary things such as sex-swapping, but that is not the case. In many ways, he/she is just like everybody else: struggling with life, the demands of society, love and a career. When living with the gypsies, Orlando does not fully realize the situation she is in; it is when she returns to England that she understands her new position in society as a woman and starts to struggle with what society demands. She starts being treated differently by people, and starts to think, just by looking at her clothes, that she cannot longer do all the things she did before changing gender, or, if she did, it would not be socially accepted. Here, we can see that the position a certain gender takes in society is nothing more than a social construction. This, of course, was much more radical in the age Orlando lived in. Furthermore, it is easy to see that Orlando only realizes she has to act differently when people start to treat her differently because of her sex. The captain, her servants and basically everybody else treats her like a woman, so she must act like one was supposed to act. Rongstad says that Orlando, as well as A Room of One’s Own, could be considered s tudies of androgyny, not in the sense of physical androgyny, but androgyny of mind. Orlando, obviously, is the perfect example of this type of mind, given the fact that she shows aspects of both genders equally throughout the whole novel. Gender change and identity issues can be tackled both in a biography and in a novel. However, the aspect Woolf shows about these subjects is incredibly personal and detailed, which makes the book a novel after the gender transformation. In chapter 3, when the transformation happens, Orlando goes from he to their to she: â€Å"Orlando had become a woman—there is no denying it. But in every other respect, Orlando remained precisely as he had been. The change of sex, though it altered their future, did nothing whatever to alter their identity.† (Woolf, 1928) What this signalizes is that there is nothing specifically important about Orlando’s sex; she is biologically a woman, indeed, but yet she shows aspects of her past life as a man. The only thing that happens is that Orlando now expresses the feminine side showed by the character in the first half of the book, in the biography. This way, gender roles, the â€Å"correct† way in which a certain gender is sup posed to think and behave) are unimportant to Orlando, and she continues to be the exact same person she was before. With this, in my opinion, Woolf tries to show that just as gender does not determine a person’s identity, the title of a book does necessarily determine what the book actually is. Calling the book a biography is somewhat correct, and calling Orlando a man is also correct to a certain extent. What they truly show, however, is that in a way, the book can be both a novel and a biography, and Orlando can be both a man and a woman without this causing any trouble. Judith Butler, a feminist philosopher, says that â€Å"â€Å"the various acts of gender create the idea of gender, and without those acts, there would be no gender at all† (Butler, 1998). What Butler tries to explain is that the â€Å"natural† features we have about what a male or a female is supposed to be like, have been created over time, via social and political norms, and are being reinforced through their everyday application. Furthermore, Woolf allows Orlando to experience characteristics from both genders, trying to tackle the question of why is that certain actions are typically male or female and that it is possible to choose how one wants to act. In accordance to Butler, Woolf confirms that it is indeed acts that define a person’s gender. To conclude, we must reflect on how Woolf’s post-modernist ideas are reflected in the book. The writer plays with gender and genre, and shows that what can seem certain and truthful cannot be fully believed; this is seen in a phrase found at the beginning of the book: â€Å"He – for there could be no doubt of his sex†. Orlando showed a lot of the features that define a man, but still turned into a woman. The title of the novel, as well, showed us that it would be a biography and, until a certain point (around chapter three), any person could believe it was. Notwithstanding, it turned out to be a work of fiction. Lastly, Woolf shows that there are a lot of things – just as gender and genre – that can be questioned and analyzed more than they are. She does this in a playful way and shows their intricate connection while demonstrating how wrong our assumptions about genre and gender can be. Works Cited Cambridge dictionary, definition of biography, extracted from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/biography Cambridge dictionary, definition of written fiction, extracted from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/fiction Butler, Judith (1998). Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Lee, Hermione (1996). Virginia Woolf. Chatto Windus. Rognstad, Marte (2012). The Representation of Gender in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando and Jeffrey Eugenides’s Middlesex. A Thesis Presented to The Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages University of Oslo. Woolf, Virginia (1928). Orlando: A Biography. Hogarth Press.

Calculating the Mean Absolute Deviation

There are many measurements of spread or dispersion in statistics. Although the range and standard deviation are most commonly used, there are other ways to quantify dispersion.  We will look at how to calculate the mean absolute deviation for a data set.   Definition We begin with the definition of the mean absolute deviation, which is also referred to as the average absolute deviation. The formula displayed with this article is the formal definition of the mean absolute deviation. It may make more sense to consider this formula as a process, or series of steps, that we can use to obtain our statistic. We start with an average, or measurement of the center, of a data set, which we will denote by m.  Next, we find how much each of the data values deviates from m.  This means that we take the difference between each of the data values and m.  After this, we take the absolute value of each of the difference from the previous step. In other words, we drop any negative signs for any of the differences.  The reason for doing this is that there are positive and negative deviations from m.  If we do not figure out a way to eliminate the negative signs, all of the deviations will cancel one another out if we add them together.Now we add together all of these absolute values.Finally, we divide this sum by n, which is the total number of data values.  The result is the mean absolute deviation. Variations There are several variations for the above process.  Note that we did not specify exactly what m is. The reason for this is that we could use a variety of statistics for m.  Typically this is the center of our data set, and so any of the measurements of central tendency can be used. The most common statistical measurements of the center of a data set are the mean, median and the mode.  Thus any of these could be used as m in the calculation of the mean absolute deviation. This is why it is common to refer to the mean absolute deviation about the mean or the mean absolute deviation about the median. We will see several examples of this. Example:  Mean Absolute Deviation About the Mean Suppose that we start with the following data set: 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9. The mean of this data set is 5.  The following table will organize our work in calculating the mean absolute deviation about the mean.   Data Value Deviation from mean Absolute Value of Deviation 1 1 - 5 = -4 |-4| = 4 2 2 - 5 = -3 |-3| = 3 2 2 - 5 = -3 |-3| = 3 3 3 - 5 = -2 |-2| = 2 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 9 9 - 5 = 4 |4| = 4 Total of Absolute Deviations: 24 We now divide this sum by 10, since there are a total of ten data values.  The mean absolute deviation about the mean is 24/10 2.4. Example:  Mean Absolute Deviation About the Mean Now we start with a different data set: 1, 1, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 7, 7, 10. Just like the previous data set, the mean of this data set is 5.   Data Value Deviation from mean Absolute Value of Deviation 1 1 - 5 = -4 |-4| = 4 1 1 - 5 = -4 |-4| = 4 4 4 - 5 = -1 |-1| = 1 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 10 10 - 5 = 5 |5| = 5 Total of Absolute Deviations: 18 Thus the mean absolute deviation about the mean is 18/10 1.8.  We compare this result to the first example.  Although the mean was identical for each of these examples, the data in the first example was more spread out. We see from these two examples that the mean absolute deviation from the first example is greater than the mean absolute deviation from the second example. The greater the mean absolute deviation, the greater the dispersion of our data. Example:  Mean Absolute Deviation About the Median Start with the same data set as the first example: 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9. The median of the data set is 6.  In the following table,  we show the details of the calculation of the mean absolute deviation about the median. Data Value Deviation from median Absolute Value of Deviation 1 1 - 6 = -5 |-5| = 5 2 2 - 6 = -4 |-4| = 4 2 2 - 6 = -4 |-4| = 4 3 3 - 6 = -3 |-3| = 3 5 5 - 6 = -1 |-1| = 1 7 7 - 6 = 1 |1| = 1 7 7 - 6 = 1 |1| = 1 7 7 - 6 = 1 |1| = 1 7 7 - 6 = 1 |1| = 1 9 9 - 6 = 3 |3| = 3 Total of Absolute Deviations: 24 Again we divide the total by 10 and obtain a mean average deviation about the median as 24/10 2.4. Example:  Mean Absolute Deviation About the Median Start with the same data set as before: 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9. This time we find the mode of this data set to be 7.  In the following table,  we show the details of the calculation of the mean absolute deviation about the mode. Data Deviation from mode Absolute Value of Deviation 1 1 - 7 = -6 |-5| = 6 2 2 - 7 = -5 |-5| = 5 2 2 - 7 = -5 |-5| = 5 3 3 - 7 = -4 |-4| = 4 5 5 - 7 = -2 |-2| = 2 7 7 - 7 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 7 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 7 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 7 = 0 |0| = 0 9 9 - 7 = 2 |2| = 2 Total of Absolute Deviations: 22 We divide the sum of the absolute deviations and see that we have a mean absolute deviation about the mode of 22/10 2.2. Fast Facts There are a few basic properties concerning mean absolute deviations The mean absolute deviation about the median is always less than or equal to the mean absolute deviation about the mean.The standard deviation is greater than or equal to the mean absolute deviation about the mean.The mean absolute deviation is sometimes abbreviated by MAD.  Unfortunately, this can be ambiguous as MAD may alternately refer to the median absolute deviation.The mean absolute deviation for a normal distribution is approximately 0.8 times the size of the standard deviation. Common Uses The mean absolute deviation has a few applications.  The first application is that this statistic may be used to teach some of the ideas behind the standard deviation. The mean absolute deviation about the mean is much easier to calculate than the standard deviation. It does not require us to square the deviations, and we do not need to find a square root at the end of our calculation. Furthermore, the mean absolute deviation is more intuitively connected to the spread of the data set than what the standard deviation is. This is why the mean absolute deviation is sometimes taught first, before introducing the standard deviation. Some have gone so far as to argue that the standard deviation should be replaced by the mean absolute deviation.  Although the standard deviation is important for scientific and mathematical applications, it is not as intuitive as the mean absolute deviation. For day-to-day applications, the mean absolute deviation is a more tangible way to measure how spread out data are.

Thomas Paine s Common Sense Essay - 1659 Words

In 1776, many colonists had very different viewpoints on whether or not the colonies should, in fact, disassociate themselves from Great Britain to become their own independent nation. The Pamphlet, Common Sense, written by philosopher Thomas Paine in 1776, provided the insight that would soon play out to be a major role in the beginning of the American Revolution. Thomas Paine helped many of the colonists envision a future of control, unity, and self-reliance. He portrayed the colonists to be victims of Great Britain, the land in which most of the original colonists settled away from, and encouraged them to begin the war in which they would fight for their liberty. Common Sense caught on so swiftly that almost everyone who could read at the time already had, and even those that could not read began visiting specific gatherings so that the pamphlet could be read to them. The main focus of Thomas Paine’s pamphlet was to not only educate the common people of the affairs occur ring between Great Britain and the colonies, but also to briefly elaborate the vital situation that most had been oblivious to. The colonies had to withdraw from under Great Britain s monarchy. The American Revolution was an imperative and relatively unavoidable move to solidify the foreseen history of the colonists who had settled on the North American continent. The United States of America would not be the grand country it is today without this extraordinary circumstance. Even now, over 200 yearsShow MoreRelatedThomas Paine s Common Sense Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine began writing Common Sense in late 1775 under the working title of Plain Truth. With Benjamin Rush, who helped him edit it, publish it, and suggested the final title, Paine developed his ideas into a forty-eight page pamphlet. He published Common Sense anonymously because of its treasonable content. Rush recommended the printer Robert Bell, promising Paine that, where other printers might say no because of the content of the pamphlet, Bell would not hesitate nor delay its printing. PaineRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense941 Words   |  4 Pages  Thomas Paine, born in 1737 in Thetford, England, came to America in 1774 after meeting Benjamin Franklin and receiving a letter of recommendation. Once he reached the colonies, he became the editor of the â€Å"Pennsylvania Magazine† as well as begin his career as a political pamphleteer. Paine became a major voice for political issues through his works including, â€Å"Common Sense† and â€Å"The American Crisis†. Both of which addressed what the colonies were fighting for, a fresh start as a society and politicalRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense1591 Words   |  7 Pagespages of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, he makes it very clear his feelings for the British Government. â€Å"The king is not to be trusted without being looked after†¦,† Paine states (page 6). He is trying to convey that the kind should not be able to make important decisions without someone going back behind him to check and make sure he is not messing anything up. He also goes on to talk about how the common people are wiser and more worthy of confidence than the crown. Expressing that the common peopleRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense Essay720 Words   |  3 PagesThomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense was first published in January, 1776. Paine emigrated to America in late 1774, just a few months before the Revolutionary War began. Upon entering America Paine quickly became involved in American politics. He also edited the Pennsylvania Magazine. The war for American Independence can be traced back to 1763 when the French and Indian war occurred. The British won the war, but also had a substantial debt. Thus, they began to heavily tax the American coloniesRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense887 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense questions the King’s priorities and why American colonists would stay with him, which gave the American colonists the confidence in themselves to separate from the British. In Thomas Paine’s first page of his pamphlet Common Sense, Paine says â€Å"As a long and violent abuse of power.† Now for years the colonists had believed the King had bad advisers and that basically everyone in Britain but the King was the problem. Paine goes on to state â€Å"The remains of MonarchicalRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense1512 Words   |  7 Pageshistorically and culturally-significant pieces of literature, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense has been meticulously analyzed for its effectiveness in eliciting the reaction that Paine himself intended in 1776. At the forefront of Paine’s pamphlet is â€Å"Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs,† notable for its first sentence: â€Å"In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple, facts, plain arguments, and commonsense† (7). Within, Paine â€Å"elaborates† on three main points that strengthen the optionRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense795 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine’s Common Sense, on the surface, is a call for the dissolution of British monarchial hold on American society. Upon closer inspection of his rhetoric, historical references, and his concept of independence, his audience witnesses more than just an incitement to revolution. Paine is redeveloping the American concept of rights and, thus, redefining its roots. By eliminating British ties in this pamphlet, he creates a â€Å"rights foundation† that relies on discourse and national institutionsRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense Pamphlet1719 Words   |  7 Pagesfigure to back their frustrations. Radical journalist and political animal, Thomas Paine, was the first to openly ask for liberty, in the Pennsylvania Magazine. Paine’s ordinary language appealed to the common folk, and allowed them to participate in colonial meetings; Their strength would be dependent on numbers. The published piece gave clear reason for the colonists to fight for their f reedom. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense pamphlet asserted purpose to the impending ward on England, and inspired allRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense Assignment976 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine’s Common Sense Assignment Thomas Paine published Common Sense in January of 1776, and it was a motive that pushed for America to gain freedom from British rule. Paine used Common Sense as a way to explain to the Colonist just what Britain was doing to the colonies and what they were stopping them from achieving. Paine used language that colonist used in everyday life so that it was more appealing to them. Being that it was written in an easy to understand language and stated what theRead MoreAnalysis of Thomas Paine ´s Pamphlet, Common Sense846 Words   |  3 PagesCommon Sense Throughout time, events such as wars and assassinations have occurred that people today can describe as â€Å"a turning point in history†. However, not all turning points in history have to be wars, assassinations, etc. In fact, perhaps everybody acknowledges that Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense is a â€Å"turning point in history† because it inspired the United States Revolutionary War. Common Sense, a pamphlet, can be credited as to inciting the American Colonies to revolt against Great

Culture of Domain free essay sample

This paper will tell you about the Freemasons, an agency that is shrouded in mystery, and some events they were involved in that truly helped shape our America. 2. The masons have always seen themselves as philosophical builders rather the actual layers of stone. It was in the young colonies of the Americas that the masons had the chance to put their philosophical theories into practice. Their first practice would be the hard decision to declare independence from Britain, but it would be an opportunity for a grand experiment that would build a nation founded on freedom, equality, and enlightened reasons. These foundation resemble the lessons of Freemasonry, Brotherly Love, Relief, and Truth. This grand experiment with its foundation laid, led to the Declaration of Independence. There were eight Freemason who signed the Declaration of Independence, to include Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, who would later become the third President of the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture of Domain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These Masons helped form a nation that would be based on human liberty.The exploits and legacy of the Freemason would transcend the American Revolution and continue to be a part of the monumental moments in American history. 3. The Civil War was the most troublesome event in our honored nations history. There has been no other war or national crisis that has approached the levels of hostility and animosity that the Civil War caused. The Civil war saw fathers against sons, families torn apart, and even churches fragmenting from each other. The war destroyed almost all bonds of organization, except one: Freemasonry.Thousands of Masons fought during the Civil War, and died. However, the tenets of the Masons, allowed them to overcome the hatred the war brought. During this war a tale is told of a badly captured confederate soldier being brought to a Union Army prison camp. Upon arrival he identifies himself as a Mason and is soon embraced by his Union captor. The Union officer takes care of the wounded rebel and once healed gives him money to return home and a silver and pearl pistol to keep him safe on his Journey. This is an example of the brotherhood the Freemasons possess and demonstrate why they endured during the Civil War, while others perished or fractured. 4. In summation, this paper has covered the philosophical ideology that the freemason based their decision to declare independence from Britain on. It covered a few of the founding fathers that helped shape the United States. It briefly went over the Masons involvement in the American Civil War and the story of Freemason brothers who were divided by war, but bonded through brotherhood.