Telecom Services Providers Industry in UK

Presentation The telecom business in UK gives data and correspondence administrations, for example, voice and information conveyance. The business has acknowledged critical development over the most recent three decades and is right now at its development stage (Streel, 2010, pp. 210-260). The business is totally deregulated following the execution of the 2003 Communication Act. Therefore, numerous organizations have joined the business in this way expanding competition.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Telecom Services Providers Industry in UK explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The consistent development in the business is ascribed to headway in innovation which encourages item and procedure advancement (Hsuan and Mahnke, 2011, pp. 154-165). The development is additionally ascribed to popularity for cell phone and information administrations. This paper dissects the telecom business in UK. The intensity of the market and the impact of the macroe conomic condition on the presentation of the business will be lit up. Current Industry Overview Top Ten Firms in the Industry The ongoing deregulation of the business has prompted end of the greater part of the passage boundaries. Moreover, progression in data and correspondence innovation has prompted the improvement of new items, for example, online TV administrations. This has come about in to appeal in the business in this way inciting more firms to go along with it. Right now, the accompanying firms are the market heads in the business. The best ten firms incorporate, Vodafone, Orange, T-Mobile, British Telecom, Gamma, O2, Avaya, Vodat Telecoms, Cable and Wireless and Analysys (Cadman and Helen, 2010, pp. 320-364). Current Market Conditions The market is described by serious rivalry particularly in the portable and broadband sections. This has prompted a huge fall in shopper costs (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165). Be that as it may, development is relied upon to quicken be cause of interests in cutting edge advancements and a regularly expanding interest for information and cell phone administrations. Since the market is at its development stage, most firms are solidifying their pieces of the overall industry through mergers and enhancement of items. Intensity and Market Share The business is described by high rivalry in all fragments. The pieces of the pie of firms giving cell phone administrations are as per the following. O2 orders 26% of the market, Vodafone’s piece of the overall industry is 24%, Orange’s piece of the overall industry is 21%, trailed by T-Mobile with 17% and the rest is shared by little administrators (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430).Advertising Looking for report on correspondences media? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Market shares for the main five firms in the broadband section are as per the following. English Telecom leads with 62.5%, NTL/Telewire is se cond with 16.7%, TalkTalk is third with 10%, Homecall orders 2.5%, Sky Talk orders 2.1% and the rest is shared by little firms (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). English Telecom is the primary supplier of fixed wire call administrations. Fixation Rations The cell phone fragment has the most elevated centralization of 89% since it has just four firms (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). The network access portion has the most reduced grouping of 700 firms. Financial Conditions The business keeps on recording vigorous development in spite of the high rivalry. In the last quarter of 2010 income developed by 2% over all organizations (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). The business is required to acknowledge $ 376 billion in income between the 2010 and 2015 (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). The portable fragment is relied upon to record the most elevated development of 12.7% somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2015 (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). Interest for fixed line telephones keeps o n declining as customers move their consumption to cell phone administrations. Inward Industry Analysis Threat of New Entrants The media transmission industry in UK is related with a significant level of item separation because of headways in innovation. The officeholder firms can appreciate economies of scale through venture into new markets (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165). Be that as it may, high capital necessity keeps firms from joining the business. In addition, exchanging cost in the business is extremely high. These patterns show that the danger of new contestants is low in the business (Mankiw, 2008, p. 89). Bartering Power of the Buyer The purchasers (media transmission firms) have a low haggling power in the business because of the accompanying reasons. Initially, the centralization of purchasers is low particularly in the network access suppliers section (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Telecom Services Provid ers Industry in UK explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Second, the results of the providers are profoundly separated since they are ordinarily customized for every purchaser (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). Additionally, the exchanging costs are extremely high. The low dealing intensity of the purchasers implies that they can be misused by their providers through significant expenses of provisions (Frank, 2009, p. 65). Dealing Power of the Suppliers The providers have a high bartering power because of the accompanying reasons. Initially, there are not many providers when contrasted with the current purchasers (media transmission firms). This implies there is high rivalry for provisions. Second, there is low accessibility of substitute supplies (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). For instance, organizing links and hardware have no substitutes. At long last, the suppliers’ items are profoundly separated. The providers in this manner have a high bartering power since the purchasers profoundly rely upon them (Blanchard, 2010, p. 67). Danger of Substitutes The danger credited to substitute items is exceptionally low in the business. Postal administrations are the primary substitutes to media transmission administrations. Be that as it may, postal administrations are having little separation (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165). Their costs are likewise on the ascent because of the expansion in transportation costs as the cost of oil rises. Along these lines customers incline toward media transmission benefits that are separated and modest to utilize (Hollensen, 2010, p. 84)). Power of Competitive Rivalry The business is related with serious rivalry in all portions because of the accompanying reasons. To start with, aside from the cell phone portion, every other section have a lot of contenders (Michael and Hong, 2010, pp. 137-165). Second, the business is encountering a moderate development rate since it has just arrived at its development stage. Third, the business is work escalated consequently the fixed expenses are high. The organizations enlist numerous workers to take care of their clients at different call habitats. Along these lines, rivalry gets serious as firms battle to bring down expenses and hold their pieces of the overall industry (Gary, Harker, Kottler, 2009, p. 89)Advertising Searching for report on correspondences media? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reciprocal Products The occupant firms can accomplish high development because of the accessibility of modest correlative items. With headway in innovation, the expense of cell phones and PCs has essentially diminished. At present, the cell phone entrance rate in UK is 86% while 90% of family units have PCs (Trath and Pitt, 2010, pp. 213-261). This prompts popularity for call administrations and internet providers (Roger, 2010, p. 35). Outside Macro Industry Analysis Political UK is one of the most politically stable nations in the Euro-zone. The legislature of UK has set up solid political binds with most nations in Europe, America and Asia. At the national level, the solid political soundness advances monetary exercises since the speculators are guaranteed of the security of their ventures. In addition, political security advances quick financial development which converts into appeal in the telecom business. At the worldwide level solid political binds with remote nations has prom pted the section of outside firms in the business. For instance, Fujitsu from Japan has joined the business (Vitorovich, 2011, p. 1). This has added to the high rivalry in the business (Cadman and Helen, 2010, pp. 320-364). In addition, the outside firms have invigorated development in the business as firms battle to bring down expenses so as to improve their intensity. Monetary and Financial The economy of UK has since recuperated from the impacts of the 2008/2009 downturn. In 2010, UK’s GDP developed by 1.7% and is relied upon to develop by 2.4% and 2.7% in 2011 and 2012 separately (Global Economic Weekly, 2010). The swelling rate in UK was 3.2% in 2010 (Global Economic Weekly, 2010). As of now, the swelling rate is 2.7% and is relied upon to decrease further to 1.8% in 2012 (Global Economic Weekly, 2010). The expansion in GDP is required to convert into high discretionary cashflow among the residents. This will prompt appeal for media transmission administrations. The decr ease in swelling will lessen the costs of media transmission benefits along these lines expanding their interest. Hence, the hearty monetary development in UK will convert into high development in its telecom industry. Social Cultural Environment UK is related with the way of life of commercialization. Plus, the rich populace has high inclination for top notch items. This has come about into an appeal for advanced cells in the nation (Rohrbeck, 2011, pp. 420-430). In this manner most firms in the telecom business are concentrating on development and item separation so as to meet customers’ desire concerning item quality (Cambini and Jiang, 2010, pp. 559-574). The buyers are likewise exceptionally touchy to costs (Charles, 2011). This has prompted significant expense versatility for most items particularly internet providers. Innovation UK has a culture of creating advances that change the ways of life o

Relationship Between Regulation and Market Structures

The investigation of government guideline and the serious condition for business is pertinent to each one of the individuals who study business. All business up-and-comers need to see how the serious condition will affect their bosses and organizations. A-There are four significant bits of enactment known as the Antitrust Laws. After the U. S. Common War, nearby markets changed into national markets on account of transportations were improved, motorized creation techniques, and refined corporate structures. During the 1870s and 1880s, numerous organizations got prevailing in various businesses like meat pressing, railways, coal, and tobacco. These organizations regularly combined their ventures and over charged its clients. The legislature shaped laws considered antitrust Acts to help control these practices. * Sherman Act of 1890 was framed to be brief and straightforwardly to the point: * The administration would explore associations and organizations associated in infringement with the Sherman trust act to confine syndication. Each individual who will consume, or endeavor to corner, with any individual or people to hoard any piece of the exchange or business will be seen as blameworthy of a lawful offense (as later changed from â€Å"misdemeanor†). The Clayton Act of 1914 contained the ideal elaboration of the Sherman Act. * Outlaws value segregation when such separation isn't legitimized based on cost contrasts and when it diminishes rivalry. * Prohibits tying contracts, in which an organization necessitates that a purchaser buy another of its items as a condition to buy the ideal item. * Prohibits the securing of loads of contending companies when the result would be less rivalry. * Prohibits a chief of one firm to go about as a board individual from another firm where the impact would be diminished rivalry. The Federal exchange commission demonstration of 1914 * The demonstration gave the Federal Trade commission (FTC) the ability to explore any serious practices in line with any organizations or on its own drive to find any unreasonable rivalry in the business. * The Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950 †¢The Celler-Kefauver Act changed the Clayton Act, Section 7. It disallows the merger of firms by securing tis stock. The Act shut the escape clause by ensuring that one firm doesn't acquire the physical resources of another firm when the impact can decrease rivalry. B-The proposed motivation behind mechanical guideline as it applies to the accompanying business sector structures: 1. Oligopoly is little gatherings of firms control the market. For instance: AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, and T-Mobile control the phone business. Mechanical guideline is utilized to diminish the market intensity of Oligopolies, to forestall arrangement (where little firms subtly set costs) and increment advertise rivalry. 2. Restraining infrastructure is the place one organization control costs in the market where there no substitute to the item. Modern guidelines are utilized to keep organizations from cornering in given markets. C-The significant elements of the three essential government and state administrative commissions that administer modern guideline. 1-The government vitality administrative commission in 1930 is the locale of power, gas, gas pipelines, oil pipelines, and water controlled destinations. The significant capacity of the government vitality administrative is to manage the transmission and offer of flammable gas, oil pipelines, and discount of power. There are different capacities that include permit and review hydroelectric activities and screen and examine vitality markets. †The government interchanges commission was framed in 1934 in the ward of Telephones, TV, digital TV, radio, broadcast, CB radios, and ham administrators. The significant elements of the government correspondence commission incorporate preparing applications for licenses, examining objections, directing examinations, creating and executing administrative projects, and participating in hearings 3-State open utilit y commission is shaped in the locale of power, gas, and phones. The significant capacity of State open utility commission is to controls the rates and administrations of an open utility that incorporate water, gas, and power D-Social guideline is expected to manage the more extensive effect of business on customers. The legislature built up a few offices including equivalent work opportunity commission and wellbeing organization shield customers from organizations in the late 60s. The reason for social guideline is for the legislature to supervise the wellbeing and nature of merchandise or items just as the states of these items are made. E-There are five essential government administrative commissions that oversee social guideline. 1-Food and medication organization (1906) has the purview and capacity over security and viability of food, medications, and makeup. 2-Equal business opportunity commission (1964) has the ward and capacity over employing, advancing, and release of laborers. †Occupational wellbeing and wellbeing esteem (1971) has the ward and capacity over modern wellbeing and security. 4-Environmental assurance organization has the ward and capacity over water, air, and commotion contamination 5-Consumer item security commission has the purview and capacity of wellbeing of customer items As an organization, studding the law can help in setting aside cash, time and endeavors to remain gainful in the market. All business competitors need to see how the serious condition will affect their managers and organizations.

Identify Statistics Essay Example for Free

Distinguish Statistics Essay The Human improvement Index (HDI) is a general proportion of how a nation has created over a specific timeframe. It is estimated using proficiency levels, arrangement of training, human services, future and the total national output of a nation. The HDI of most nations is estimated by associations that might want to utilize the information for different utilizations including choosing which of these nations need help. The HDI of Libya, for example is set at 0. 47 in the year 2007. This was an expansion of 0. 44% which is considerable. This data was given by the United Nations in the year 2007. Such insights are gathered by UN for the sole reason for estimating the paces of improvement and prosperity of the human populaces in these districts. It is then significant in choosing which of the considered countries need assistance and in which segments this assistance may be generally required (UNDP, 2009). This measurement is somewhat deceptive because of the way that some contributing components are not taken a gander at fundamentally. A portion of the components like majority rule government and rights are not taken a gander at. In this way, when taking a gander at the record basically, we understand that such significant variables are not considered in assurance of the prosperity of everyone. This subsequently drives us to an end that the count probably won't have the option to decisively depict the correct picture to the individuals who are utilizing it.

Discussing the relationship between gender and genre in Orlando A Biography - Literature Essay Samples

Virginia Woolf, born in 1882, is regarded as one of the first and most important modern feminist writers. In Orlando: A Biography, she tackles and bends the concepts of gender roles and gender identity and, on the other hand, deals with the subject of biography and novels. Woolf’s work was innovative at the time, as it defied the Victorian values held by a big part of society. Surrounding herself with family and friends who had a similar mindset that provided an environment in which controversial and experimental texts were encouraged, she was able to openly discuss these troublesome subjects. This essay intends to explain and discuss the similarities between gender and genre showed by Woolf. First of all, it is compulsory to define what is considered a biography and what is considered a novel, so that it is possible to analyze the elements of one or the other throughout the book. The Cambridge dictionary defines a biography as â€Å"the life story of a person written by somebody else†, with this concept, it is perfectly rational to consider Orlando: A Biography a biography. However, biographies often tell a true life story, stating facts through an intensive study of documents about the person the biography is about. Although there are facts and real geographical references in this book, it could also fit into the category of fiction, defined by the Cambridge dictionary as â€Å"the type of book or story that is written about imaginary characters and events (†¦)† (Cambridge dictionary, 2015). Before carrying out any discussion about the subjects above mentioned, there must be an agreement on the genre the book actually belongs to. Calling it a biography feels like stretching the truth quite a bit, although the fact that it calls itself one justifies this classification. In addition, it actually seems to be a biography until some pretty incredible things happen: magical sex changes, characters that live for centuries, weeklong sleeps that are inexplicable, etc., which belong to a fictional novel. Hermione Lee, president of Wolfson College and writer of one of the many Woolf’s biographies, says that â€Å"Virginia Woolf and her contemporaries are poised on the edge of the revolution which has turned biography into the iconoclastic, gossipy art-form it is now, when the only taboo is censorship.† (Lee, 1996) With saying this, Lee seems to imply that all of Woolf’s works, including Orlando, were a fundamental part of the evolution of the term ‘biogra phy’. However, I believe that the most appropriate thing to do is to divide it into the two genres; when Orlando transitions from being a man to being a woman and all the strange events occur, the book transitions as well, from a biography to a novel. As mentioned before, Woolf and her contemporaries challenged the traditional concept of biography, which ended up changing. In this book, Virginia does the same thing with gender, giving new perspectives to its concept. Orlando, the main character, completely breaks down and transcends the categories of male and female, showing gender norms and conventions to be socially constructed, and disrupting them (Rognstad, 2012). Needless to say, although Orlando’s story might have been based on true facts (mostly geographical), the story is clearly fantastical. As Woolf said, it should be â€Å"truthful but fantastical†. Among these fictional elements, time and gender both stand out. This approach to chronology, on one hand, allowed Virginia to show how time affected the main characters. On top of that, the writer – in a controversial move for that time – plays with the concept of gender, by making Orlando go from male to female almost effortlessly and without giving too much explanation as to why or how this happens. In this process, Purity, Chastity, and Modesty appear personified in order to show qualities women were supposed to present in those times, and even though they utilize their magic around Orlando’s room, she never becomes particularly pure, chaste, or modest once she is a woman. As mentioned before, Orlando’s gender switch might be that effortless for plot purposes; yet, it could be interpreted as the expression of Woolf’s beliefs on gender. This being that it is not set in stone; it is flimsy and unreliable. In A Room of One’s Own, Woolf explai ns: â€Å"one must be woman – manly or man – womanly† (A Room of One’s Own, 1929), since nobody can show all characteristics assigned to their gender at the same time. The same ease is showed in the transition of the book from bibliography to novel; Woolf does not try to explain it and we, as readers, should just accept it as it is. The gender change simply happens when Orlando visits Turkey to get away from his lover. There, he falls asleep for a long period of time and eventually wakes up being a woman. The character does not question what happens; instead, he/she embraces it and lives with a gypsy community before returning to England, where she gets completely accustomed to living as a woman. It might seem, if you have not read the book, like Orlando is some kind of weird creature capable of doing extraordinary things such as sex-swapping, but that is not the case. In many ways, he/she is just like everybody else: struggling with life, the demands of society, love and a career. When living with the gypsies, Orlando does not fully realize the situation she is in; it is when she returns to England that she understands her new position in society as a woman and starts to struggle with what society demands. She starts being treated differently by people, and starts to think, just by looking at her clothes, that she cannot longer do all the things she did before changing gender, or, if she did, it would not be socially accepted. Here, we can see that the position a certain gender takes in society is nothing more than a social construction. This, of course, was much more radical in the age Orlando lived in. Furthermore, it is easy to see that Orlando only realizes she has to act differently when people start to treat her differently because of her sex. The captain, her servants and basically everybody else treats her like a woman, so she must act like one was supposed to act. Rongstad says that Orlando, as well as A Room of One’s Own, could be considered s tudies of androgyny, not in the sense of physical androgyny, but androgyny of mind. Orlando, obviously, is the perfect example of this type of mind, given the fact that she shows aspects of both genders equally throughout the whole novel. Gender change and identity issues can be tackled both in a biography and in a novel. However, the aspect Woolf shows about these subjects is incredibly personal and detailed, which makes the book a novel after the gender transformation. In chapter 3, when the transformation happens, Orlando goes from he to their to she: â€Å"Orlando had become a woman—there is no denying it. But in every other respect, Orlando remained precisely as he had been. The change of sex, though it altered their future, did nothing whatever to alter their identity.† (Woolf, 1928) What this signalizes is that there is nothing specifically important about Orlando’s sex; she is biologically a woman, indeed, but yet she shows aspects of her past life as a man. The only thing that happens is that Orlando now expresses the feminine side showed by the character in the first half of the book, in the biography. This way, gender roles, the â€Å"correct† way in which a certain gender is sup posed to think and behave) are unimportant to Orlando, and she continues to be the exact same person she was before. With this, in my opinion, Woolf tries to show that just as gender does not determine a person’s identity, the title of a book does necessarily determine what the book actually is. Calling the book a biography is somewhat correct, and calling Orlando a man is also correct to a certain extent. What they truly show, however, is that in a way, the book can be both a novel and a biography, and Orlando can be both a man and a woman without this causing any trouble. Judith Butler, a feminist philosopher, says that â€Å"â€Å"the various acts of gender create the idea of gender, and without those acts, there would be no gender at all† (Butler, 1998). What Butler tries to explain is that the â€Å"natural† features we have about what a male or a female is supposed to be like, have been created over time, via social and political norms, and are being reinforced through their everyday application. Furthermore, Woolf allows Orlando to experience characteristics from both genders, trying to tackle the question of why is that certain actions are typically male or female and that it is possible to choose how one wants to act. In accordance to Butler, Woolf confirms that it is indeed acts that define a person’s gender. To conclude, we must reflect on how Woolf’s post-modernist ideas are reflected in the book. The writer plays with gender and genre, and shows that what can seem certain and truthful cannot be fully believed; this is seen in a phrase found at the beginning of the book: â€Å"He – for there could be no doubt of his sex†. Orlando showed a lot of the features that define a man, but still turned into a woman. The title of the novel, as well, showed us that it would be a biography and, until a certain point (around chapter three), any person could believe it was. Notwithstanding, it turned out to be a work of fiction. Lastly, Woolf shows that there are a lot of things – just as gender and genre – that can be questioned and analyzed more than they are. She does this in a playful way and shows their intricate connection while demonstrating how wrong our assumptions about genre and gender can be. Works Cited Cambridge dictionary, definition of biography, extracted from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/biography Cambridge dictionary, definition of written fiction, extracted from http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/fiction Butler, Judith (1998). Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Lee, Hermione (1996). Virginia Woolf. Chatto Windus. Rognstad, Marte (2012). The Representation of Gender in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando and Jeffrey Eugenides’s Middlesex. A Thesis Presented to The Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages University of Oslo. Woolf, Virginia (1928). Orlando: A Biography. Hogarth Press.

Calculating the Mean Absolute Deviation

There are many measurements of spread or dispersion in statistics. Although the range and standard deviation are most commonly used, there are other ways to quantify dispersion.  We will look at how to calculate the mean absolute deviation for a data set.   Definition We begin with the definition of the mean absolute deviation, which is also referred to as the average absolute deviation. The formula displayed with this article is the formal definition of the mean absolute deviation. It may make more sense to consider this formula as a process, or series of steps, that we can use to obtain our statistic. We start with an average, or measurement of the center, of a data set, which we will denote by m.  Next, we find how much each of the data values deviates from m.  This means that we take the difference between each of the data values and m.  After this, we take the absolute value of each of the difference from the previous step. In other words, we drop any negative signs for any of the differences.  The reason for doing this is that there are positive and negative deviations from m.  If we do not figure out a way to eliminate the negative signs, all of the deviations will cancel one another out if we add them together.Now we add together all of these absolute values.Finally, we divide this sum by n, which is the total number of data values.  The result is the mean absolute deviation. Variations There are several variations for the above process.  Note that we did not specify exactly what m is. The reason for this is that we could use a variety of statistics for m.  Typically this is the center of our data set, and so any of the measurements of central tendency can be used. The most common statistical measurements of the center of a data set are the mean, median and the mode.  Thus any of these could be used as m in the calculation of the mean absolute deviation. This is why it is common to refer to the mean absolute deviation about the mean or the mean absolute deviation about the median. We will see several examples of this. Example:  Mean Absolute Deviation About the Mean Suppose that we start with the following data set: 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9. The mean of this data set is 5.  The following table will organize our work in calculating the mean absolute deviation about the mean.   Data Value Deviation from mean Absolute Value of Deviation 1 1 - 5 = -4 |-4| = 4 2 2 - 5 = -3 |-3| = 3 2 2 - 5 = -3 |-3| = 3 3 3 - 5 = -2 |-2| = 2 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 9 9 - 5 = 4 |4| = 4 Total of Absolute Deviations: 24 We now divide this sum by 10, since there are a total of ten data values.  The mean absolute deviation about the mean is 24/10 2.4. Example:  Mean Absolute Deviation About the Mean Now we start with a different data set: 1, 1, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 7, 7, 10. Just like the previous data set, the mean of this data set is 5.   Data Value Deviation from mean Absolute Value of Deviation 1 1 - 5 = -4 |-4| = 4 1 1 - 5 = -4 |-4| = 4 4 4 - 5 = -1 |-1| = 1 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 5 5 - 5 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 7 7 - 5 = 2 |2| = 2 10 10 - 5 = 5 |5| = 5 Total of Absolute Deviations: 18 Thus the mean absolute deviation about the mean is 18/10 1.8.  We compare this result to the first example.  Although the mean was identical for each of these examples, the data in the first example was more spread out. We see from these two examples that the mean absolute deviation from the first example is greater than the mean absolute deviation from the second example. The greater the mean absolute deviation, the greater the dispersion of our data. Example:  Mean Absolute Deviation About the Median Start with the same data set as the first example: 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9. The median of the data set is 6.  In the following table,  we show the details of the calculation of the mean absolute deviation about the median. Data Value Deviation from median Absolute Value of Deviation 1 1 - 6 = -5 |-5| = 5 2 2 - 6 = -4 |-4| = 4 2 2 - 6 = -4 |-4| = 4 3 3 - 6 = -3 |-3| = 3 5 5 - 6 = -1 |-1| = 1 7 7 - 6 = 1 |1| = 1 7 7 - 6 = 1 |1| = 1 7 7 - 6 = 1 |1| = 1 7 7 - 6 = 1 |1| = 1 9 9 - 6 = 3 |3| = 3 Total of Absolute Deviations: 24 Again we divide the total by 10 and obtain a mean average deviation about the median as 24/10 2.4. Example:  Mean Absolute Deviation About the Median Start with the same data set as before: 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9. This time we find the mode of this data set to be 7.  In the following table,  we show the details of the calculation of the mean absolute deviation about the mode. Data Deviation from mode Absolute Value of Deviation 1 1 - 7 = -6 |-5| = 6 2 2 - 7 = -5 |-5| = 5 2 2 - 7 = -5 |-5| = 5 3 3 - 7 = -4 |-4| = 4 5 5 - 7 = -2 |-2| = 2 7 7 - 7 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 7 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 7 = 0 |0| = 0 7 7 - 7 = 0 |0| = 0 9 9 - 7 = 2 |2| = 2 Total of Absolute Deviations: 22 We divide the sum of the absolute deviations and see that we have a mean absolute deviation about the mode of 22/10 2.2. Fast Facts There are a few basic properties concerning mean absolute deviations The mean absolute deviation about the median is always less than or equal to the mean absolute deviation about the mean.The standard deviation is greater than or equal to the mean absolute deviation about the mean.The mean absolute deviation is sometimes abbreviated by MAD.  Unfortunately, this can be ambiguous as MAD may alternately refer to the median absolute deviation.The mean absolute deviation for a normal distribution is approximately 0.8 times the size of the standard deviation. Common Uses The mean absolute deviation has a few applications.  The first application is that this statistic may be used to teach some of the ideas behind the standard deviation. The mean absolute deviation about the mean is much easier to calculate than the standard deviation. It does not require us to square the deviations, and we do not need to find a square root at the end of our calculation. Furthermore, the mean absolute deviation is more intuitively connected to the spread of the data set than what the standard deviation is. This is why the mean absolute deviation is sometimes taught first, before introducing the standard deviation. Some have gone so far as to argue that the standard deviation should be replaced by the mean absolute deviation.  Although the standard deviation is important for scientific and mathematical applications, it is not as intuitive as the mean absolute deviation. For day-to-day applications, the mean absolute deviation is a more tangible way to measure how spread out data are.

Thomas Paine s Common Sense Essay - 1659 Words

In 1776, many colonists had very different viewpoints on whether or not the colonies should, in fact, disassociate themselves from Great Britain to become their own independent nation. The Pamphlet, Common Sense, written by philosopher Thomas Paine in 1776, provided the insight that would soon play out to be a major role in the beginning of the American Revolution. Thomas Paine helped many of the colonists envision a future of control, unity, and self-reliance. He portrayed the colonists to be victims of Great Britain, the land in which most of the original colonists settled away from, and encouraged them to begin the war in which they would fight for their liberty. Common Sense caught on so swiftly that almost everyone who could read at the time already had, and even those that could not read began visiting specific gatherings so that the pamphlet could be read to them. The main focus of Thomas Paine’s pamphlet was to not only educate the common people of the affairs occur ring between Great Britain and the colonies, but also to briefly elaborate the vital situation that most had been oblivious to. The colonies had to withdraw from under Great Britain s monarchy. The American Revolution was an imperative and relatively unavoidable move to solidify the foreseen history of the colonists who had settled on the North American continent. The United States of America would not be the grand country it is today without this extraordinary circumstance. Even now, over 200 yearsShow MoreRelatedThomas Paine s Common Sense Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine began writing Common Sense in late 1775 under the working title of Plain Truth. With Benjamin Rush, who helped him edit it, publish it, and suggested the final title, Paine developed his ideas into a forty-eight page pamphlet. He published Common Sense anonymously because of its treasonable content. Rush recommended the printer Robert Bell, promising Paine that, where other printers might say no because of the content of the pamphlet, Bell would not hesitate nor delay its printing. PaineRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense941 Words   |  4 Pages  Thomas Paine, born in 1737 in Thetford, England, came to America in 1774 after meeting Benjamin Franklin and receiving a letter of recommendation. Once he reached the colonies, he became the editor of the â€Å"Pennsylvania Magazine† as well as begin his career as a political pamphleteer. Paine became a major voice for political issues through his works including, â€Å"Common Sense† and â€Å"The American Crisis†. Both of which addressed what the colonies were fighting for, a fresh start as a society and politicalRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense1591 Words   |  7 Pagespages of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, he makes it very clear his feelings for the British Government. â€Å"The king is not to be trusted without being looked after†¦,† Paine states (page 6). He is trying to convey that the kind should not be able to make important decisions without someone going back behind him to check and make sure he is not messing anything up. He also goes on to talk about how the common people are wiser and more worthy of confidence than the crown. Expressing that the common peopleRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense Essay720 Words   |  3 PagesThomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense was first published in January, 1776. Paine emigrated to America in late 1774, just a few months before the Revolutionary War began. Upon entering America Paine quickly became involved in American politics. He also edited the Pennsylvania Magazine. The war for American Independence can be traced back to 1763 when the French and Indian war occurred. The British won the war, but also had a substantial debt. Thus, they began to heavily tax the American coloniesRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense887 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense questions the King’s priorities and why American colonists would stay with him, which gave the American colonists the confidence in themselves to separate from the British. In Thomas Paine’s first page of his pamphlet Common Sense, Paine says â€Å"As a long and violent abuse of power.† Now for years the colonists had believed the King had bad advisers and that basically everyone in Britain but the King was the problem. Paine goes on to state â€Å"The remains of MonarchicalRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense1512 Words   |  7 Pageshistorically and culturally-significant pieces of literature, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense has been meticulously analyzed for its effectiveness in eliciting the reaction that Paine himself intended in 1776. At the forefront of Paine’s pamphlet is â€Å"Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs,† notable for its first sentence: â€Å"In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple, facts, plain arguments, and commonsense† (7). Within, Paine â€Å"elaborates† on three main points that strengthen the optionRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense795 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine’s Common Sense, on the surface, is a call for the dissolution of British monarchial hold on American society. Upon closer inspection of his rhetoric, historical references, and his concept of independence, his audience witnesses more than just an incitement to revolution. Paine is redeveloping the American concept of rights and, thus, redefining its roots. By eliminating British ties in this pamphlet, he creates a â€Å"rights foundation† that relies on discourse and national institutionsRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense Pamphlet1719 Words   |  7 Pagesfigure to back their frustrations. Radical journalist and political animal, Thomas Paine, was the first to openly ask for liberty, in the Pennsylvania Magazine. Paine’s ordinary language appealed to the common folk, and allowed them to participate in colonial meetings; Their strength would be dependent on numbers. The published piece gave clear reason for the colonists to fight for their f reedom. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense pamphlet asserted purpose to the impending ward on England, and inspired allRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense Assignment976 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine’s Common Sense Assignment Thomas Paine published Common Sense in January of 1776, and it was a motive that pushed for America to gain freedom from British rule. Paine used Common Sense as a way to explain to the Colonist just what Britain was doing to the colonies and what they were stopping them from achieving. Paine used language that colonist used in everyday life so that it was more appealing to them. Being that it was written in an easy to understand language and stated what theRead MoreAnalysis of Thomas Paine ´s Pamphlet, Common Sense846 Words   |  3 PagesCommon Sense Throughout time, events such as wars and assassinations have occurred that people today can describe as â€Å"a turning point in history†. However, not all turning points in history have to be wars, assassinations, etc. In fact, perhaps everybody acknowledges that Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense is a â€Å"turning point in history† because it inspired the United States Revolutionary War. Common Sense, a pamphlet, can be credited as to inciting the American Colonies to revolt against Great

Culture of Domain free essay sample

This paper will tell you about the Freemasons, an agency that is shrouded in mystery, and some events they were involved in that truly helped shape our America. 2. The masons have always seen themselves as philosophical builders rather the actual layers of stone. It was in the young colonies of the Americas that the masons had the chance to put their philosophical theories into practice. Their first practice would be the hard decision to declare independence from Britain, but it would be an opportunity for a grand experiment that would build a nation founded on freedom, equality, and enlightened reasons. These foundation resemble the lessons of Freemasonry, Brotherly Love, Relief, and Truth. This grand experiment with its foundation laid, led to the Declaration of Independence. There were eight Freemason who signed the Declaration of Independence, to include Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, who would later become the third President of the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture of Domain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These Masons helped form a nation that would be based on human liberty.The exploits and legacy of the Freemason would transcend the American Revolution and continue to be a part of the monumental moments in American history. 3. The Civil War was the most troublesome event in our honored nations history. There has been no other war or national crisis that has approached the levels of hostility and animosity that the Civil War caused. The Civil war saw fathers against sons, families torn apart, and even churches fragmenting from each other. The war destroyed almost all bonds of organization, except one: Freemasonry.Thousands of Masons fought during the Civil War, and died. However, the tenets of the Masons, allowed them to overcome the hatred the war brought. During this war a tale is told of a badly captured confederate soldier being brought to a Union Army prison camp. Upon arrival he identifies himself as a Mason and is soon embraced by his Union captor. The Union officer takes care of the wounded rebel and once healed gives him money to return home and a silver and pearl pistol to keep him safe on his Journey. This is an example of the brotherhood the Freemasons possess and demonstrate why they endured during the Civil War, while others perished or fractured. 4. In summation, this paper has covered the philosophical ideology that the freemason based their decision to declare independence from Britain on. It covered a few of the founding fathers that helped shape the United States. It briefly went over the Masons involvement in the American Civil War and the story of Freemason brothers who were divided by war, but bonded through brotherhood.

The Conflict between Boston Charter Schools and School Districts

Introduction: Where the Conflict Begins Charter schools have been an integral part of an education system in a range of states for quite a while. However, with the evolution of pedagogy, the development of new learning theories and teaching approaches, the necessity for teachers to adopt new approaches has emerged.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Conflict between Boston Charter Schools and School Districts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, charter schools are currently experiencing the necessity to grow and expand, yet this growth is halted by the lack of financial support from school districts. It should be born in mind that the emergence of the so-called charter schools is by no means an accident. The establishment of the charter school system was a response to the flaws of the U.S. education system, and an introduction of the model, that could authorise and build capacity in the education syste m of the state. A closer look at the way in which the Boston charter schools are organised will reveal that the existing system presuppose a complete independency in terms of defining the program and the teaching strategies required for addressing the needs of the target students (i.e., the necessity to assist ESL students and the students, who lack financial support from their families) (Peyser para. 1–6). Conflict Analysis: History, Participants and Environment The conflict between charter schools and school districts is not new; in fact, the history of confrontations between the local authorities and the people representing corresponding education establishments has been going on since the day that the two phenomena emerged. However, charter schools being a rather recent and specific innovation in the history of education, the dilemma regarding the freedom, which schools should be provided with, has taken a new turn. Among the key participants, Boston charter schools and t he local school districts must be mentioned. Neither of the opponents is willing to compromise, the schools demanding that they should be given the right to expand, and the school district authorities refusing to provide financial support from the establishments that they have practically no control over.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The environment, in which the conflict has been brewing for several years, is quite specific. Boston is a unique city with a rather rich history; however, as far as its economic success is concerned, the number of people coming from a low income background is quite high. Therefore, the school district does not consider investing into the development of the Boston charter schools a rational step and prefers to disregard the demands of the Boston charter school teachers. Dispute Resolution: A â€Å"Portfolio† School System The significance o f the conflict specified above is tremendous. While the confrontation between the parties involved into it is not as severe as military conflicts are (Harvard Business Review 69), it still causes a lot of concern and leads to a variety of questions, including the possible changes to the financial support for Boston public schools, which may suffer as a result of budget cuts that may be made by the school district. Therefore, it goes without saying that the method for addressing the situation must satisfy the needs and meet the demands of both charter and public schools, as well as the school district. The â€Å"portfolio† system, which has been suggested in order to address the problem specified above, truly is an original solution customised uniquely for the benefit of both Boston charter schools and local school districts. The solution suggested by the people concerned about the issue seems perfect; it hurts neither of the parties and at the same time works for the benefit of charter schools. The very title for the new type of schools represents a perfect solution to the problem and the satisfactory result for all the parties involved, since it presupposes that the control over the new type of charter schools will be split in equal proportions between school districts and heads of the charter schools. As a result, it will be possible for school districts to track down the financial transactions, which charter schools make, and check what charter schools’ administration spends the finances provided by the school district on. This is the power divide strategy that will help all those involved benefit (Melamed 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Conflict between Boston Charter Schools and School Districts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the conflict management perspective, the solution to the confrontation between charter schools and school districts is impeccable. T hough it does involve a compromise and demands it from each of the parties, it rewards a positive response with an opportunity for charter schools to expand and for school districts to control the financial transactions of the Boston schools, therefore, making the process of budget distribution much easier. This, however, raises the question whether BATNA could be developed in case the school district refuses to compromise. Interpreted as the best alternative to a negotiated solution, BATNA actually does not require that a negotiation with the opponent should be carried out: â€Å"BATNAs are critical to negotiation because you cannot make a wise decision about whether to accept a negotiated agreement unless you know what your alternatives are† (Sprangler 1). The incorporation of BATNA in the set of tools for addressing the problem, however, invites the question concerning the future communication between the school district and Boston charter schools. Methods Implementation: The Negotiation Process While the solution described above seems quite obvious and presupposes that reasonable compromises should be made by both opponents, it would be too optimistic to assume that the negotiation process is going to be carried out impeccably and that the discussion procedure is going to flow smoothly. Instead, it can be expected that the participants of the negotiation will be unwilling to accept their part of the compromise and refuse to make the final step towards reconciliation and the improvement of their relationships. Therefore, the negotiation process must be thought through outstandingly well. Recognizing their mistakes will be the first step towards improving the situation for the Boston school district and the local charter schools. The process is not going to be easy, though, According to what Dunning’s research has shown, people traditionally fail to come to terms due to the inability to recognise their own mistakes:Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Recent research we have conducted, however, suggests that people are not adept at spotting the limits of their knowledge and expertise† (Dunning, Johnson, Ehrlinger and Kruger 83). As a rule, the unwillingness to admit the obvious failure can be explained by the fear of being socially ostracised and labelled as incompetent. Herein the key to solving the conflict lies; it is essential to help the parties involved realise that their ability to recognise their fault redeems them as people, who are capable of telling the right solution from the wrong one. As Dunning put it, â€Å"If poor performers are given the skills necessary to distinguish correct from incorrect answers, then they would be in a position to recognise their own incompetence† (Dunning et al. 85). The negotiation process, therefore, must be steered towards the compromising approach. In other words, the emphasis must be put onto developing a compromising strategy instead of focusing on the competitive one. It would also be a good idea to steer the discussion to a more comfortable analysis of the financial changes with the help of accommodative approach. Mediation Process: In Search for a Compromise Though it is desirable that the opponents in question, i.e., school district members and the people representing charter schools, should attempt at solving the issue on their own. Unless both sides of the conflict recognize the necessity to reconcile and find points of contact, there will be no point in addressing the situation. However, it could be argued that with the introduction of a third party, which will represent and entirely objective point of view, the process of negotiation will take place faster and more smoothly. Therefore, it will be reasonable to suggest that the mediation process should be facilitated by the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Education. As a third party that is not interested in the outcomes of the negotiation, yet is a major authority in the field of ed ucation, it will be a perfect mediator for resolving the specified conflict. It can be suggested that charter schools should provide additional opportunities for students; thus, it will be possible to provide the schools with the status that they need. For instance, creating courses for the students, who are willing to study specific subjects in depth, could be a way to solve the problem In addition, it is desirable that the Massachusetts charter schools should design a flexible system of upgrade based on the concept of economic and financial sustainability. Thus, the costs will be reduced impressively, and the school districts will see the potential that charter schools and their students have. Finally, it will be a good idea to arrange basketball and soccer facilities in several charter schools so that major school sport related events could be held there. Attracting participants from other schools will help raise the money that will be used as the means to upgrade charter schools to the necessary level. Key Stakeholders and Major Factors: Evaluating the Situation When it comes to defining the major stakeholders involved into the conflict, one is most likely to mention teachers of Boston charter schools and the members of the Boston school districts. Indeed, these are the sides of the conflict that remain in the spotlight most of the time; they are the main participants, and they are involved in most of the discussions concerning the issue in question. True, the Boston charter schools and the Boston school districts are obviously two essential stakeholders in the specified conflict. However, there are other stakeholders that deserve to be mentioned. First and foremost, students of the Boston charter schools must be recognised as the key stakeholders, since their future academic life, as well as their career and success in the business world, hinges on the decision that the local authorities make in order to address the situation. Naturally, such a great depe ndence on the outcome of the conflict makes the Boston charter school students the key stakeholders. However, it would be wrong to disregard the aforementioned opponents when listing the major stakeholders. The choice that the Boston school district will make will obviously affect the school staff as well, as the latter will have to alter the teaching approaches, as well as introduce new teaching strategies in order to meet new requirements. Indeed, expansion of an education establishment presupposes that the diversity rates in charter schools are going to increase significantly, which will call for designing additional strategies for meeting the needs of children with various ethnic backgrounds, gifted children, children with disabilities, etc. Moreover, the rise in the amount of students will also entail the necessity to hire more staff and, thus, to reconsider the school budget and the current schedule. Needless to say, the school districts are also highly dependent on the soluti on that will be chosen in order to address the situation. Using the budget funds for expanding charter schools means that the school district will have to cut costs for other issues concerning financial support of schools; therefore, it is in the interests of the school districts to address the issue in such a way that the costs should be minimised. Thus, the members of the school districts must also be viewed as the key stakeholders in the conflict in question. As far as the factors are concerned, there are key financial, economic and social issues that may hinder the process of conflict resolution. The financial issues top the list of the key factors. Because of the need to re-establish the current principle of a charter school operation, the costs for the innovation are going to be impressive. Carving the money out of the budget means that public schools will be left without the required support. The fact that charter schools are practically independent from school districts in t erms of their education policy, in contrast to public ones, investing into the development of charter schools hardly seems reasonable for the Boston school districts. More to the point, the fact that students from low income families, as well as students belonging to ethnic and national minorities, make most of the student population in charter schools in Boston, does not add any credibility to the plea of the heads of Boston charter schools. Though the issue specified above seems to be financial, it, in fact, should be deemed as a social one, and related to the discrimination problems within the modern society. Conclusion: Revisiting the Principles of the Education System Though the solution, which requires responsibilities distribution and power divide between school districts and school authorities, requires that major concessions should be made by both parties, mutual compromise is the only way to settle the conflict. Moreover, the specified strategy seems the only rational appr oach to be taken in this situation. Once both sides of the conflict are secure about their control over the issue, they will be able to come to terms. The mediation process, which is the key towards reaching a compromise, must be based on the principles of cooperation and presuppose that the charter schools should use their key assets to solve the conflict. At present, to reach a compromise, charter schools need to prove that they are worth investing in. Works Cited Dunning, David, Kerry Johnson, Joyce Ehrlinger and Justin Kruger. â€Å"Why People Fail to Recognize Their Own Incompetence.† Current Directions in Psychological Science 12.1 (2014), 83–87. Print. Harvard Business Review. Extreme Negotiations. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review. 2010. 67–75. Print. Melamed, James. Maximizing Mediation. 2014. Web. https://www.mediate.com/pfriendly.cfm?id=97. Peyser, James A. â€Å"Boston and the Charter School Cap.† Education Next 14.1 (2014), para. 1–6 . Web. https://www.educationnext.org/boston-and-the-charter-school-cap/. Sprangler, Brad. â€Å"Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA).† Beyond Intractability. 2012. Web. https://www.beyondintractability.org/. This essay on The Conflict between Boston Charter Schools and School Districts was written and submitted by user Frankl1nSt0rm to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free sample - Spatial architecture of underground design. translation missing

Spatial architecture of underground design. Spatial architecture of underground designFollowing the submission of the abstract on the creation of an underground construction, the following thesis will mainly deal with the designing of a sub-surface space. The creation of extensive underground complexes and even the idea of entire futuristic cities therefore warrant the need to provide near natural conditions for the survival of the inhabitants. This program will generally be based on the precedent-based research on underground space both the vernacular and existing underground developmental projects. The program is therefore dubbed Korean War Memorial with artificial lighting and aeration, aimed at going down memory lane, for rediscovering purposes.[1] The site of this architectural design will be Seoul, the capital of South Korea which was once the heart of the Korean War, and which is up to now being targeted by the North Korea. The thesis program is namely Koran War memorial. With this program, I look forward to pursuing an architectural spatial project with innovative planning in mind. In this program such aspects as air ventilation and light penetration, will be considered and also culture and inhabitable conditions.[2] This will mainly focus on the designing of an artificial aeration and lighting system that will be likened to the natural system. Focus will be on the spatial arrangement of these aspects. In the past, underground space was associated with death, that is burial, and also in war, where soldiers would hide in bunkers. However, current development has since changed that notion and underground dwellings are being designed. And since the natural light and aeration do not penetrate underground, there is therefore need to provide an artificial one that would supplement, and in order for this to happen, there is a reason to study spatial arrangement of the design building. This is in order to bring out maximal output of the underground setting for maximum comfort. The Korean War Memorial with artificial lighting would therefore take people into the past and bring out a feeling of the past in the future.[3]

Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Network Security - Essay Example But with this ease of information access comes the issue of security. With the increase of information flow, there has been an increase in the number of attacks on information by hackers. Attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks, Spoofs, Sniffing, etc. have increased with the increase in the availability of hacking tools which are free of cost. Valuable information is lost in the process. For example, if a customer buys a product of a particular organization through their web-site and a hacker presents himself as the organization and receives the money from the customer, valuable information such as the ID of the customer, his credit card numbers, his passwords are all stolen by the hacker. Therefore such information has to be transferred securely over the Internet. Encryption is the most common way of securing valuable information while transmitting over the Internet (Rahman, 2003). Networks are secured in a different manner. They are secured using tools called "Firewalls". W henever transactions or information between a customer and an organization are being carried out, a particular pattern is followed. Firewalls recognize and allow only these transactions or processes to be carried out and block out all the unrecognized patterns. By implementing Firewalls, most of the attacks from the hackers can be kept out. Securing a network just does not happen. There are many issues to be considered when making policies for network security. The three main issues back in the earlier days were Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. Due to the advances in the technologies, these issues have been mostly resolved. But in the present day Networks, other issues have appeared. These issues will eventually result in the breaching of confidentiality, integrity and availability thereby defeating the cause of coming up with Network Security policies. We can ask the following questions to resolve the recent issues related to Network Security: Should Identity Manager be put back to the User Identity Control from the top down approach has traditionally been imposed by all Enterprises and Governments. But this has resulted in resilience from the users. Users have always found it difficult to cope up with the time constraints resulting from the above mentioned approach. This approach looks increasingly antiquated for the present day user needs. Microsoft's Kim Cameron once noted that: "A system that does not put users in control will - immediately or over time - be rejected" (Dean, 2006). This is true because users expect real fast response and do not like to waste their time in waiting for a response from the requested network or system. Identity Control being at the Server side is the key to ensuring trusted relationship for billions of business transactions all over the world. Identity Control being at the server side makes it possible for the replying Network to ensure that the keys constructed are secure. Since the control will be present with the server, no user will have chance of even attempting to break the key and steal the information being transferred. At the macro level, the advantages that accrue in the form of innumerable applications and services,

Electric Cars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electric Cars - Research Paper Example In 2008, during the presidential campaign, President Obama promised Americans that he would oversee the implementation of a project of over one million green vehicles grazing our roads, this however has not occurred for various reasons. Recently the department of Energy confessed that this was impossible. They projected that only two hundred and fifty thousand green vehicles could be in the roads by 2015. This is only one percent of all automobiles in the United States. The complete takeover of electric cars over gasoline powered cars has failed because to kick off because the consumers of cars have doubts about electric cars. In this research paper I will answer the question Are electric cars superior and much better than fuel powered cars? Unsurprisingly recently I was made to think by an uncle who wanted to purchase a new automobile and he asked me if I would give him an advice about the latest models of cars. We ended up discussing the prospects of electric cars. The electric cars are more efficient in power consumption than the fuel driven automobiles. The standard electric model car uses 0.20 to 0.40 kilowatt per hour per mile. However the average gasoline powered automobile uses about one gallon of fuel in every 25 miles. This is approximately 1.58 kilowatt per hour per mile. The difference clearly shows that the electric cars are way more efficient than the fuel dependent counterparts. Electric cars are eco-friendly. Electric automobiles are a powered using powerful rechargable battery which is categorized as clean sources of energy. The batteries are recharged using either electricity produced from natural sources such as hydropower, wind power and solar power. This ensures that the environment remains clean and free of harmful substances that would cause air, noise and water pollution. Fuel powered cars are completely eco unfriendly. They use of fuels such as gasoline and other petroleum have proved to be quite destructive. These models

Ethical Challenges Essay Example for Free

Ethical Challenges Essay When meeting clients at community and social events the issue of confidentiality and privacy arises. And I agree with Stacey Mason that personal and professional boundaries should not be blurred meaning that clients should not try to consider social event as an excellent opportunity to talk to counselor about certain disturbances. I think confidentiality won’t be broken if relations between the counselor and client remain professional and defined. Of course, some clients may think counselor may share discussed information with the audience, but professional counselor will never use shared information as advantage over the person. I agree that the principles of beneficence and confidentiality should not be violated in any case. In situations, when client is viewed as danger to counselor, the last should take preventive measures either reporting police or informing the relatives. Thus, I agree with Stacey mason that the only case when the principle of confidentiality may be violated is when it is necessary to prevent a suicide attempt. I think that Meagan Bowser’s position on key ethical challenges is valid as well. There are clients who don’t want others to not about their visits to counselors, and, in such situation, counselor is recommended no to approach the client until the client says something to the counselor showing willingness to communication in informal environment. Of course, the counselor should not talk about treatment, counseling or other related issues. I think that counselors should always think of client’s privacy and confidentiality. I see the second situation is more confused and perplexing and professional counselor has to reassure the client that his confidentiality won’t be violated as, there are cases, when under severe stress students attempt to commit a suicide. I agree with the idea that the key responsibility of the counselor is to persuade the girl to tell parents about her problems, not to tell parents himself. Only professional counselors are able to process student’s emotions and direct them in the beneficial way.

Essay --

Sparkles, Dancing, Jumping, and Music great combination or do you not agree? Figure Skating as a result was mashed up together to create such a beautiful but dangerous sport. Skating as a Winter Olympic sport has a long history and even with the proper equipment can be dangerous. Figure skating was originated in Europe, it was first stared by an American though named Jackson Haines. Jackson was born in New York in 1840 and died in 1875 in Finland from Tuberculosis. There was a big skating/dancing craze they called it because it swept America because of the combination that Haines did with bringing Dance into the rink. There was local skating clubs that had been formed and also competitions but nothing serious was made from it until some years after the 19th century. In 1921 was when Figure skating was made and officially created from a Skating Association (known as U.S. Figure Skating). When the Association was made later on through the years more associations made and now there are more than 600 association's throughout the country. Until the early '20s there were no standards set for you to be able to compete or to perform. Today there is there are tests, figure, free skating, moves in the field, pair, dance and synchronized team skating all of it is measured and judged by a lot of the different branches of the associations of the sport. It is said that over the years no other country has won more Figure Skating medals or been more passionate about the sport more than the United States. About all the attention went to the women's singles, because the U.S. Women have won seven Olympic titles, and some have transformed from Ice Princesses into Entertainment Icons. One of the women is Sasha Cohen she won a silver medal, Sarah H... ...which could take forever to put on. It takes a lot of labor to make a single dress, Longmire who has been designing costumes says that they have to be constructed carefully for close-up photography. Longmire says that it is basically a bathing suit because its just a one piece outfit. Figure skating has it's interesting history, also it has it's danger zones, and it has it's beautiful equipment which makes the whole experience amazing. The History is long and full of very bright and great icons that have made there mark on the ice. The Dangers can also teach you what the risks are before you try something so you know the consequences. The Equipment is what makes the whole performance come alive and it will make you, you if you had your personality to the outfit and the right touch to everything. Figure skating can be something interesting, dangerous, and fun to do.

Raphael Lemkin

The Raphael Lemkin Award of the Institute for the Study of Genocide honors a pioneer in social justice. Raphael Lemkin, an attorney descended from Polish Jews, lived from 1900-1959 through two world wars and the Great Depression. Born in Imperial Russia before the October Revolution, he saw his related ethnic groups suffer atrocities in the early 20th century. This added later to his interest in the larger problem of genocide, a word he created from genos (Greek: race) and –cide (Latin: killing). During his graduate law education, he focused on the 1915 Armenian Genocide (ch. 1) of WWI and advocated its abolition in the League of Nations. He took on the case of Soghomon Tehlirian, assassin of a former Turkish Minister of the Interior as revenge for his role in the Armenian Genocide. Lemkin moved on to champion victims of the 1933 massacre of Christian Assyrians by Iraqis and then advocated for the minorities targeted by Nazis in Europe (ch. 2), especially Jews and the Poles. Joining the Polish Army, he himself lost 49 relatives in the Holocaust. His studies and his life experiences drove him on. It was difficult to convince America, other Allies, and the world that a Holocaust was actually occurring (ch. 3), partly due to anti-Semitism in many regions. Additionally, major nations were concentrating to fight back the Nazis and the Japanese in two theaters, with little notice at first of the plight of the Jews and the ghetto Poles. Knowing that this was all fact, Lemkin campaigned to educate the world about mass murder by naming it genocide and giving it the darkest personality. In 1944, he published Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, with his definition of this atrocity and continued to advocate his case against it publically. He spoke and wrote documents calling for the world to outlaw it through the United Nations. Humans’ committing same-species mass murder and psychological abuse against minority and ethnic groups was unnatural, twisted, and immoral. In light of his advocacy, he changed teaching and advising positions under political pressure to stop stirring up dissension, finally moving to USA in 1941. After his 1944 publication, he was able to become advisor to the US Supreme Court in the Nuremburg trials in which genocide was tried for two years. American policymakers did not wish to speak out against genocide or have responsibility for leading a movement against it. A large-scale military strike would — and did — cost many lives, dollars, and criticisms. It required a national commitment to Jews long-term and the related criticism. Lemkin continually spoke about genocide, finally bringing about the 1948 U.N. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948 (ch. 4), in the same year that Israel became a nation. Unfortunately, Lemkin's last years suffered much opposition from policymakers who did not want to continue efforts against genocide. However, Senator William Proxmire and President Ronald Reagan provided additional impetus some time later for the successful ratification of Lemkin’s Genocide Convention (ch. 5). Lemkin had been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, awarded other honors, and accomplished much. Thus, he likely believed that justice would finally win out over genocide in the second half of the 20th century, spurred on by the foundation of his accumulated actions and their results. References Power, Samantha. A Problem from Hell†: America and the Age of Genocide. Chapters 1-5 (17-78).

Analysis Of The Current Financial Crisis - 3196 Words

Analysis Of The Current Financial Crisis YourFirstName YourLastName University title Student’s name Professor Subject Date Financial crisis is a situation where the financial value of assets or an economy drops by a significant margin that can cripple the normal functioning of an economy of the affected country. Different economists came forward to explain theories that lead to the different financial crisis especially in the history. These economists include Krugman, Taylor and Blinder. Causes of the crisis include recessions, banking shocks, currency crisis, stock shock, and financial bubbles amongst others. There is evidence of financial crisis I the past. Most of the time, the crisis was brought†¦show more content†¦The model has three parts; the aggregate demand equation. The equation relates the domestic spending to real income alongside the interest rate, with the net export. y = D(y, i) + NX (eP*/P, y). The second part is the money-demand equation: M/P = L(y, i) and the third part of the model is the interest arbitrage equation. This part explains that investors should shield themselv es against risks and expect the exchange rates to be stable; i = i* The model has its limitations as no exchange rate is expected not to change with time (Bernanke and Gertler, 1989). The third part is therefore unrealistic. The figure shows output y and exchange rate e. The line AA shows points at which the domestic rates equals the foreign rates. The line GG outlines the amount of output given a particular exchange rate. When a strong open economy effect is added to the model, a crisis occurs. For example, if foreign currency controls most debts of many firms in a country, the balance sheets will constrain their investment. This will lead to domestic demand having a direct dependence on the real exchange rate; y = D(y, i, eP*/P) + NX(eP*/P, y) . Under these circumstances, when the real exchange rates becomes unfavorable, the firms holding foreign current will not be able to invest. This will lead to triviality at the margin of the direct exchange rate effect. The corporate sector runs bankrupt but the small businesses benefit from weak currency. The effects can be so significant